混凝土材料声发射信号的频率特征及其与强度参量的相关性试验研究

混凝土材料声发射信号频率特征与强度指标的关系是混凝土材料声发射检测技术的重要基础。通过实验,对声发射信号频率特征与混凝土强度指标的相关关系进行了探讨。研究结果表明,在较低的应力水平上,不同强度等级混凝土声发射信号大都是低频信号。而在较高应力水平时,随着强度等级的增加,声发射信号的优势频率则逐渐升高。     

隐身材料红外光谱特性评价方法

对隐身材料光红外谱特性评价方法进行了综述.分别介绍了近红外分光光度计光谱反射率测定方法、热红外成像技术、热红外发射率测定方法以及高光谱成像方法.通过人工绿与自然绿色物体的光谱反射率实验提出了近红外隐身材料与实际地物背景存在的差异及其需要改进的技术.     

微波消解-原子荧光法测定固体废弃物浸出液中的总汞

建立了密闭微波消解和原子荧光法测定固体废弃物浸出液中总汞的方法.对微波消解和原子荧光条件如灯电流、硼氢化钾浓度、载气流速等进行了优化.汞的浓度在0.00-5.00μg/L 范围内与荧光强度呈良好的线性,相关系数r=0.9999,方法检出限为0.032μg/L.两种浓度汞标准溶液测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为4.6%和3....     

防弹纤维性能预测新理论及PBO苯并恶唑环热稳定性表征

介绍一种预测防弹纤维性能的新理论(U*)1/3参数预测法,由Phoenix和Portwal理论公式推导出的(U*)1/3参数可以作为实际应用的指标参考.对PBX聚苯唑系刚性环热稳定性进行了表征,PBO热降解温度为650℃;采用热拉伸处理可使PBO纤维取向提高、结构更加完善,拉伸模量可达20～300 GPa.     

Expanding the elution by characteristic point method for determination of various types of adsorption isotherms

Important improvements have recently been made on the elution by characteristic point (ECP) method to increase the accuracy of the determined adsorption isotherms. However, the method has so far been limited/used for only type I adsorption isotherms (e.g. Langmuir, Tóth, bi-Langmuir). In this study, general strategies are developed to expand the ECP method for the determination of more complex adsorption isotherms including such containing inflection points. We will exemplify the methodology with type II, type III and type V isotherms. Guidelines are given for how to determine such isotherms using the ECP method and for the experimental considerations that must be taken into account or that may be eliminated in the particular case.     

A study of characteristic fragmentation of isoflavonoids by using negative ion ESI-MSn

Isoflavone mono‐O‐glycosides were investigated by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with a quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer in negative ion mode. Isoflavonoids having different positions of glycosylation or methylation were differentiated according to the relative abundances of Y₀^? and [Y₀? H]^?? ions generated from the [M ? H]^? ion. It is found that the site of glycosyl or methyl group significantly affects relative abundances of the Y₀^? and [Y₀? H]^?? ions. In addition, the characteristic ion [Y₀? 2H]^? was observed in the product ion spectrum of genistein 7‐O‐β‐D ‐glucoside and was also detected, together with the [Y₀? CH₃]^?? and [Y₀? H ? CH₃]^? ions in the product ion spectra of glycitin and 6‐methoxy genistein 7‐O‐β‐D ‐glucoside. The structures of isoflavonoids can be characterized and identified according to the formation of these diagnostic ions. The results obtained from this investigation can promote the rapid identification of isoflavonoids in crude plant extracts. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

磁性分子印迹聚合物微球的制备及吸附特性研究

通过分子印迹技术,以磺胺(SNM)为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,利用Fe3O4磁性纳米微球制备具有特异性识别磺胺的磁性分子印迹聚合物.通过紫外分光光度法对磁性印迹聚合物的吸附性能进行研究,并对吸附特性进行了探讨.利用等温吸附数据进行Scatchard分析,从而推断出印迹聚合物的最大吸附量Qmax为280....     

改色处理紫红色钻石的光谱学特征及鉴定方法

以市场上销售的国内改色紫红色圆刻面型钻石为研究对象,通过对其光谱学特征进行分析,确定了此类紫红色改色处理钻石的鉴定。样品颜色呈现不同饱和度的紫红色,净水称重法测试比重为3.52,放大观察,样品DR-2与DR-3的部分刻面光泽较弱,显示了未被重新抛光的严重烧蚀区域,石墨化沿内应力断裂明显,其表面可能经过高温高压处理。365nm长波紫外下,均呈现蓝色、橙红色、黄色和绿色混合的白垩状荧光外观,无磷光现象,而天然紫红色钻石为蓝色荧光或无荧光。宽频诱导发光图像仪GV5000深紫外下均呈现橙红色和蓝色混合荧光,无磷光现象。红外光谱中红外区均显示集合体氮相关的A中心和B中心,归类为IaAB型,且具有H1a辐照退火相关的特征峰,红外光谱近红外区均显示H1b,H1c辐照退火相关的特征峰与H₂中心的特征峰。紫外可见近红外分光光度计均显示明显的NV-中心,H₂中心和806 nm吸收峰,400～460和570 nm宽带处反射率的变化分别与N₃中心和NV0中心相关,明显的NV-中心在天然紫红色钻石中极少发现,H₂中心指示可能经过高温高压处理,可见光范围内对红光和蓝光的吸收较弱,所以呈现为紫红色外观。三维荧光光谱和光致发光光谱均显示出N₃,H₃,H₄,NV0, NV-相关的发光中心,N₃贡献蓝色荧光,H₃和H₄贡献黄绿色荧光,NV0与NV-贡献橙红色荧光。综合分析,三颗样品均为天然成因的钻石,后期经过高温高压,辐照,退火等多重处理,其紫红色主要由N₃中心,NV0中心与NV-中心共同贡献。     

应用多元统计技术研究动物产品中重金属的分布特征

采用直方图频率说明、参数分布拟合假设检验、非参数密度估计等多元统计技术,研究了铅、镉、汞、砷在不同动物源性产品中的分布特征,通过非参数方法给出了4种元素在不同产品中的密度分布函数曲线和经验分布函数曲线,以此解释了元素的分布特征,掌握了重金属的累积富集规律。     

Theoretical and experimental investigations on migration behavior of weak monoprotic acids in continuous two‐dimensional ion exchange/reversed phase CEC

A continuous 2D ion exchange/RP CEC system was constructed in this report and retention characteristics of weak monoprotic acids in the column were investigated theoretically. The transport equations were deduced for predicting migration behavior of weak monoportic acids based on mixing model combining ion exchange, RP, and electrophoretic separation mechanism. The influences of separation voltage, length of capillary, pH value, and ionic strength of buffer and concentration of organic modifier in mobile phase on the separation were well described by the equations. It was verified that the migration rate of solute was linearly related to voltage in the case of lower voltage, decreased with the increase of the first‐dimensional length, and . The retention time of solute increased with enhancing ionic strength and concentration of organic modifier. These theoretical results were all demonstrated by the relevant experiments. The relevant application was performed for the aqueous extract of Rhizoma gastrodiae, showing the obvious potential in method development for the analysis of complex samples.